How the Human Brain Forms Memories

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Like buds forming on a tree branch, the connections between the 86 billion neurons in our brain occur at synapses, many of which form at small protrusions called dendritic spines. The more a neuron pair communicates, the connections strengthen and the spines enlarge and become more stable. This change (or plasticity) is thought to be how the memory is stored.

[Source: World Science Festival YouTube link]